\[\begin{split}\newcommand{\as}{\kw{as}} \newcommand{\case}{\kw{case}} \newcommand{\cons}{\textsf{cons}} \newcommand{\consf}{\textsf{consf}} \newcommand{\emptyf}{\textsf{emptyf}} \newcommand{\End}{\kw{End}} \newcommand{\kwend}{\kw{end}} \newcommand{\even}{\textsf{even}} \newcommand{\evenO}{\textsf{even}_\textsf{O}} \newcommand{\evenS}{\textsf{even}_\textsf{S}} \newcommand{\Fix}{\kw{Fix}} \newcommand{\fix}{\kw{fix}} \newcommand{\for}{\textsf{for}} \newcommand{\forest}{\textsf{forest}} \newcommand{\Functor}{\kw{Functor}} \newcommand{\In}{\kw{in}} \newcommand{\ind}[3]{\kw{Ind}~[#1]\left(#2\mathrm{~:=~}#3\right)} \newcommand{\Indp}[4]{\kw{Ind}_{#4}[#1](#2:=#3)} \newcommand{\Indpstr}[5]{\kw{Ind}_{#4}[#1](#2:=#3)/{#5}} \newcommand{\injective}{\kw{injective}} \newcommand{\kw}[1]{\textsf{#1}} \newcommand{\length}{\textsf{length}} \newcommand{\letin}[3]{\kw{let}~#1:=#2~\kw{in}~#3} \newcommand{\List}{\textsf{list}} \newcommand{\lra}{\longrightarrow} \newcommand{\Match}{\kw{match}} \newcommand{\Mod}[3]{{\kw{Mod}}({#1}:{#2}\,\zeroone{:={#3}})} \newcommand{\ModImp}[3]{{\kw{Mod}}({#1}:{#2}:={#3})} \newcommand{\ModA}[2]{{\kw{ModA}}({#1}=={#2})} \newcommand{\ModS}[2]{{\kw{Mod}}({#1}:{#2})} \newcommand{\ModType}[2]{{\kw{ModType}}({#1}:={#2})} \newcommand{\mto}{.\;} \newcommand{\nat}{\textsf{nat}} \newcommand{\Nil}{\textsf{nil}} \newcommand{\nilhl}{\textsf{nil\_hl}} \newcommand{\nO}{\textsf{O}} \newcommand{\node}{\textsf{node}} \newcommand{\nS}{\textsf{S}} \newcommand{\odd}{\textsf{odd}} \newcommand{\oddS}{\textsf{odd}_\textsf{S}} \newcommand{\ovl}[1]{\overline{#1}} \newcommand{\Pair}{\textsf{pair}} \newcommand{\plus}{\mathsf{plus}} \newcommand{\SProp}{\textsf{SProp}} \newcommand{\Prop}{\textsf{Prop}} \newcommand{\return}{\kw{return}} \newcommand{\Set}{\textsf{Set}} \newcommand{\Sort}{\mathcal{S}} \newcommand{\Str}{\textsf{Stream}} \newcommand{\Struct}{\kw{Struct}} \newcommand{\subst}[3]{#1\{#2/#3\}} \newcommand{\tl}{\textsf{tl}} \newcommand{\tree}{\textsf{tree}} \newcommand{\trii}{\triangleright_\iota} \newcommand{\Type}{\textsf{Type}} \newcommand{\WEV}[3]{\mbox{$#1[] \vdash #2 \lra #3$}} \newcommand{\WEVT}[3]{\mbox{$#1[] \vdash #2 \lra$}\\ \mbox{$ #3$}} \newcommand{\WF}[2]{{\mathcal{W\!F}}(#1)[#2]} \newcommand{\WFE}[1]{\WF{E}{#1}} \newcommand{\WFT}[2]{#1[] \vdash {\mathcal{W\!F}}(#2)} \newcommand{\WFTWOLINES}[2]{{\mathcal{W\!F}}\begin{array}{l}(#1)\\\mbox{}[{#2}]\end{array}} \newcommand{\with}{\kw{with}} \newcommand{\WS}[3]{#1[] \vdash #2 <: #3} \newcommand{\WSE}[2]{\WS{E}{#1}{#2}} \newcommand{\WT}[4]{#1[#2] \vdash #3 : #4} \newcommand{\WTE}[3]{\WT{E}{#1}{#2}{#3}} \newcommand{\WTEG}[2]{\WTE{\Gamma}{#1}{#2}} \newcommand{\WTM}[3]{\WT{#1}{}{#2}{#3}} \newcommand{\zeroone}[1]{[{#1}]} \end{split}\]

# Nsatz: a solver for equalities in integral domains

Author:

  Loïc Pottier

To use the tactics described in this section, load the `Nsatz` module with the command `Require Import Nsatz`. Alternatively, if you prefer not to transitively depend on the files that declare the axioms used to define the real numbers, you can `Require Import NsatzTactic` instead; this will still allow `nsatz` to solve goals defined about \(\mathbb{Z}\), \(\mathbb{Q}\) and any user-registered rings.

Tactic nsatz with radicalmax := one_term strategy := one_term parameters := one_term variables := one_term?

  This tactic is for solving goals of the form

  \(\begin{array}{l} \forall X_1, \ldots, X_n \in A, \\ P_1(X_1, \ldots, X_n) = Q_1(X_1, \ldots, X_n), \ldots, P_s(X_1, \ldots, X_n) = Q_s(X_1, \ldots, X_n) \\ \vdash P(X_1, \ldots, X_n) = Q(X_1, \ldots, X_n) \\ \end{array}\)

  where \(P, Q, P_1, Q_1, \ldots, P_s, Q_s\) are polynomials and \(A\) is an integral domain, i.e. a commutative ring with no zero divisors. For example, \(A\) can be \(\mathbb{R}\), \(\mathbb{Z}\), or \(\mathbb{Q}\). Note that the equality \(=\) used in these goals can be any setoid equality (see Tactics enabled on user provided relations) , not only Leibniz equality.

  It also proves formulas

  \(\begin{array}{l} \forall X_1, \ldots, X_n \in A, \\ P_1(X_1, \ldots, X_n) = Q_1(X_1, \ldots, X_n) \wedge \ldots \wedge P_s(X_1, \ldots, X_n) = Q_s(X_1, \ldots, X_n) \\ \rightarrow P(X_1, \ldots, X_n) = Q(X_1, \ldots, X_n) \\ \end{array}\)

  doing automatic introductions.

  `radicalmax`

    bound when searching for r such that \(c (P−Q) r = \sum_{i=1..s} S_i (P i − Q i)\). This argument must be of type `N` (binary natural numbers).

  `strategy`

    gives the order on variables \(X_1,\ldots,X_n\) and the strategy used in Buchberger algorithm (see [GMN+91] for details):

    > - `strategy := 0%Z`: reverse lexicographic order and newest s-polynomial.

    > - `strategy := 1%Z`: reverse lexicographic order and sugar strategy.

    > - `strategy := 2%Z`: pure lexicographic order and newest s-polynomial.

    > - `strategy := 3%Z`: pure lexicographic order and sugar strategy.

  `parameters`

    a list of parameters of type `R`, containing the variables \(X_{i_1},\ldots,X_{i_k}\) among \(X_1,\ldots,X_n\). Computation will be performed with rational fractions in these parameters, i.e. polynomials have coefficients in \(R(X_{i_1},\ldots,X_{i_k})\). In this case, the coefficient \(c\) can be a nonconstant polynomial in \(X_{i_1},\ldots,X_{i_k}\), and the tactic produces a goal which states that \(c\) is not zero.

  `variables`

    a list of variables of type `R` in the decreasing order in which they will be used in the Buchberger algorithm. If the list is empty, then `lvar` is replaced by all the variables which are not in `parameters`.

  See the file Nsatz.v for examples, especially in geometry.

## More about `nsatz`

Hilbert’s Nullstellensatz theorem shows how to reduce proofs of equalities on polynomials on a commutative ring \(A\) with no zero divisors to algebraic computations: it is easy to see that if a polynomial \(P\) in \(A[X_1,\ldots,X_n]\) verifies \(c P^r = \sum_{i=1}^{s} S_i P_i\), with \(c \in A\), \(c \not = 0\), \(r\) a positive integer, and the \(S_i\) s in \(A[X_1,\ldots,X_n ]\), then \(P\) is zero whenever polynomials \(P_1,\ldots,P_s\) are zero (the converse is also true when \(A\) is an algebraically closed field: the method is complete).

So, solving our initial problem reduces to finding \(S_1, \ldots, S_s\), \(c\) and \(r\) such that \(c (P-Q)^r = \sum_{i} S_i (P_i-Q_i)\), which will be proved by the tactic ring.

This is achieved by the computation of a Gröbner basis of the ideal generated by \(P_1-Q_1,...,P_s-Q_s\), with an adapted version of the Buchberger algorithm.

This computation is done after a step of reification, which is performed using Typeclasses.

Tactic nsatz_compute one_term

Other versions v: 8.16.1

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