The Coq Proof Assistant

# Library Coq.Bool.Bool

The type bool is defined in the prelude as
Inductive bool : Set := true : bool | false : bool
Most of the lemmas in this file are trivial by case analysis
Ltac destr_bool :=
intros; destruct_all bool; simpl in *; trivial; try discriminate.
Interpretation of booleans as propositions
Definition Is_true (b:bool) :=
match b with
| true => True
| false => False
end.

# Decidability

Lemma bool_dec : forall b1 b2 : bool, {b1 = b2} + {b1 <> b2}.

# Discrimination

Lemma diff_true_false : true <> false.
#[global]
Hint Resolve diff_true_false : bool.
Lemma diff_false_true : false <> true.
#[global]
Hint Resolve diff_false_true : bool.
#[global]
Hint Extern 1 (false <> true) => exact diff_false_true : core.
Lemma eq_true_false_abs : forall b:bool, b = true -> b = false -> False.
Lemma not_true_is_false : forall b:bool, b <> true -> b = false.
Lemma not_false_is_true : forall b:bool, b <> false -> b = true.
Lemma not_true_iff_false : forall b, b <> true <-> b = false.
Lemma not_false_iff_true : forall b, b <> false <-> b = true.

# Order on booleans

#[ local ] Definition le (b1 b2:bool) :=
match b1 with
| true => b2 = true
| false => True
end.
#[global]
Hint Unfold le: bool.
Lemma le_implb : forall b1 b2, le b1 b2 <-> implb b1 b2 = true.
#[deprecated(since="8.12",note="Use Bool.le instead.")]
Notation leb := le (only parsing).
#[deprecated(since="8.12",note="Use Bool.le_implb instead.")]
Notation leb_implb := le_implb (only parsing).
#[ local ] Definition lt (b1 b2:bool) :=
match b1 with
| true => False
| false => b2 = true
end.
#[global]
Hint Unfold lt: bool.
#[ local ] Definition compare (b1 b2 : bool) :=
match b1, b2 with
| false, true => Lt
| true, false => Gt
| _, _ => Eq
end.
Lemma compare_spec : forall b1 b2,
CompareSpec (b1 = b2) (lt b1 b2) (lt b2 b1) (compare b1 b2).

# Equality

Definition eqb (b1 b2:bool) : bool :=
match b1, b2 with
| true, true => true
| true, false => false
| false, true => false
| false, false => true
end.
Register eqb as core.bool.eqb.
Lemma eqb_subst :
forall (P:bool -> Prop) (b1 b2:bool), eqb b1 b2 = true -> P b1 -> P b2.
Lemma eqb_reflx : forall b:bool, eqb b b = true.
Lemma eqb_prop : forall a b:bool, eqb a b = true -> a = b.
Lemma eqb_true_iff : forall a b:bool, eqb a b = true <-> a = b.
Lemma eqb_false_iff : forall a b:bool, eqb a b = false <-> a <> b.

# A synonym of if on bool

Definition ifb (b1 b2 b3:bool) : bool :=
match b1 with
| true => b2
| false => b3
end.
Open Scope bool_scope.

# De Morgan laws

Lemma negb_orb : forall b1 b2:bool, negb (b1 || b2) = negb b1 && negb b2.
Lemma negb_andb : forall b1 b2:bool, negb (b1 && b2) = negb b1 || negb b2.

# Properties of negb

Lemma negb_involutive : forall b:bool, negb (negb b) = b.
Lemma negb_involutive_reverse : forall b:bool, b = negb (negb b).
Notation negb_elim := negb_involutive (only parsing).
Notation negb_intro := negb_involutive_reverse (only parsing).
Lemma negb_sym : forall b b':bool, b' = negb b -> b = negb b'.
Lemma no_fixpoint_negb : forall b:bool, negb b <> b.
Lemma eqb_negb1 : forall b:bool, eqb (negb b) b = false.
Lemma eqb_negb2 : forall b:bool, eqb b (negb b) = false.
Lemma if_negb :
forall (A:Type) (b:bool) (x y:A),
(if negb b then x else y) = (if b then y else x).
Lemma negb_true_iff : forall b, negb b = true <-> b = false.
Lemma negb_false_iff : forall b, negb b = false <-> b = true.

# Properties of orb

Lemma orb_true_iff :
forall b1 b2, b1 || b2 = true <-> b1 = true \/ b2 = true.
Lemma orb_false_iff :
forall b1 b2, b1 || b2 = false <-> b1 = false /\ b2 = false.
Lemma orb_true_elim :
forall b1 b2:bool, b1 || b2 = true -> {b1 = true} + {b2 = true}.
Lemma orb_prop : forall a b:bool, a || b = true -> a = true \/ b = true.
Lemma orb_true_intro :
forall b1 b2:bool, b1 = true \/ b2 = true -> b1 || b2 = true.
#[global]
Hint Resolve orb_true_intro: bool.
Lemma orb_false_intro :
forall b1 b2:bool, b1 = false -> b2 = false -> b1 || b2 = false.
#[global]
Hint Resolve orb_false_intro: bool.
Lemma orb_false_elim :
forall b1 b2:bool, b1 || b2 = false -> b1 = false /\ b2 = false.
Lemma orb_diag : forall b, b || b = b.
true is a zero for orb
Lemma orb_true_r : forall b:bool, b || true = true.
#[global]
Hint Resolve orb_true_r: bool.
Lemma orb_true_l : forall b:bool, true || b = true.
Notation orb_b_true := orb_true_r (only parsing).
Notation orb_true_b := orb_true_l (only parsing).
false is neutral for orb
Lemma orb_false_r : forall b:bool, b || false = b.
#[global]
Hint Resolve orb_false_r: bool.
Lemma orb_false_l : forall b:bool, false || b = b.
#[global]
Hint Resolve orb_false_l: bool.
Notation orb_b_false := orb_false_r (only parsing).
Notation orb_false_b := orb_false_l (only parsing).
Complementation
Lemma orb_negb_r : forall b:bool, b || negb b = true.
#[global]
Hint Resolve orb_negb_r: bool.
Lemma orb_negb_l : forall b:bool, negb b || b = true.
Notation orb_neg_b := orb_negb_r (only parsing).
Commutativity
Lemma orb_comm : forall b1 b2:bool, b1 || b2 = b2 || b1.
Associativity
Lemma orb_assoc : forall b1 b2 b3:bool, b1 || (b2 || b3) = b1 || b2 || b3.
#[global]
Hint Resolve orb_comm orb_assoc: bool.

# Properties of andb

Lemma andb_true_iff :
forall b1 b2:bool, b1 && b2 = true <-> b1 = true /\ b2 = true.
Lemma andb_false_iff :
forall b1 b2:bool, b1 && b2 = false <-> b1 = false \/ b2 = false.
Lemma andb_true_eq :
forall a b:bool, true = a && b -> true = a /\ true = b.
Lemma andb_false_intro1 : forall b1 b2:bool, b1 = false -> b1 && b2 = false.
Lemma andb_false_intro2 : forall b1 b2:bool, b2 = false -> b1 && b2 = false.
false is a zero for andb
Lemma andb_false_r : forall b:bool, b && false = false.
Lemma andb_false_l : forall b:bool, false && b = false.
Notation andb_b_false := andb_false_r (only parsing).
Notation andb_false_b := andb_false_l (only parsing).
Lemma andb_diag : forall b, b && b = b.
true is neutral for andb
Lemma andb_true_r : forall b:bool, b && true = b.
Lemma andb_true_l : forall b:bool, true && b = b.
Notation andb_b_true := andb_true_r (only parsing).
Notation andb_true_b := andb_true_l (only parsing).
Lemma andb_false_elim :
forall b1 b2:bool, b1 && b2 = false -> {b1 = false} + {b2 = false}.
#[global]
Hint Resolve andb_false_elim: bool.
Complementation
Lemma andb_negb_r : forall b:bool, b && negb b = false.
#[global]
Hint Resolve andb_negb_r: bool.
Lemma andb_negb_l : forall b:bool, negb b && b = false.
Notation andb_neg_b := andb_negb_r (only parsing).
Commutativity
Lemma andb_comm : forall b1 b2:bool, b1 && b2 = b2 && b1.
Associativity
Lemma andb_assoc : forall b1 b2 b3:bool, b1 && (b2 && b3) = b1 && b2 && b3.
#[global]
Hint Resolve andb_comm andb_assoc: bool.

# Properties mixing andb and orb

Distributivity
Lemma andb_orb_distrib_r :
forall b1 b2 b3:bool, b1 && (b2 || b3) = b1 && b2 || b1 && b3.
Lemma andb_orb_distrib_l :
forall b1 b2 b3:bool, (b1 || b2) && b3 = b1 && b3 || b2 && b3.
Lemma orb_andb_distrib_r :
forall b1 b2 b3:bool, b1 || b2 && b3 = (b1 || b2) && (b1 || b3).
Lemma orb_andb_distrib_l :
forall b1 b2 b3:bool, b1 && b2 || b3 = (b1 || b3) && (b2 || b3).
Notation demorgan1 := andb_orb_distrib_r (only parsing).
Notation demorgan2 := andb_orb_distrib_l (only parsing).
Notation demorgan3 := orb_andb_distrib_r (only parsing).
Notation demorgan4 := orb_andb_distrib_l (only parsing).
Absorption
Lemma absorption_andb : forall b1 b2:bool, b1 && (b1 || b2) = b1.
Lemma absorption_orb : forall b1 b2:bool, b1 || b1 && b2 = b1.

# Properties of implb

Lemma implb_true_iff : forall b1 b2:bool, implb b1 b2 = true <-> (b1 = true -> b2 = true).
Lemma implb_false_iff : forall b1 b2:bool, implb b1 b2 = false <-> (b1 = true /\ b2 = false).
Lemma implb_orb : forall b1 b2:bool, implb b1 b2 = negb b1 || b2.
Lemma implb_negb_orb : forall b1 b2:bool, implb (negb b1) b2 = b1 || b2.
Lemma implb_true_r : forall b:bool, implb b true = true.
Lemma implb_false_r : forall b:bool, implb b false = negb b.
Lemma implb_true_l : forall b:bool, implb true b = b.
Lemma implb_false_l : forall b:bool, implb false b = true.
Lemma implb_same : forall b:bool, implb b b = true.
Lemma implb_contrapositive : forall b1 b2:bool, implb (negb b1) (negb b2) = implb b2 b1.
Lemma implb_negb : forall b1 b2:bool, implb (negb b1) b2 = implb (negb b2) b1.
Lemma implb_curry : forall b1 b2 b3:bool, implb (b1 && b2) b3 = implb b1 (implb b2 b3).
Lemma implb_andb_distrib_r : forall b1 b2 b3:bool, implb b1 (b2 && b3) = implb b1 b2 && implb b1 b3.
Lemma implb_orb_distrib_r : forall b1 b2 b3:bool, implb b1 (b2 || b3) = implb b1 b2 || implb b1 b3.
Lemma implb_orb_distrib_l : forall b1 b2 b3:bool, implb (b1 || b2) b3 = implb b1 b3 && implb b2 b3.

# Properties of xorb

false is neutral for xorb
Lemma xorb_false_r : forall b:bool, xorb b false = b.
Lemma xorb_false_l : forall b:bool, xorb false b = b.
Notation xorb_false := xorb_false_r (only parsing).
Notation false_xorb := xorb_false_l (only parsing).
true is "complementing" for xorb
Lemma xorb_true_r : forall b:bool, xorb b true = negb b.
Lemma xorb_true_l : forall b:bool, xorb true b = negb b.
Notation xorb_true := xorb_true_r (only parsing).
Notation true_xorb := xorb_true_l (only parsing).
Nilpotency (alternatively: identity is a inverse for xorb)
Lemma xorb_nilpotent : forall b:bool, xorb b b = false.
Commutativity
Lemma xorb_comm : forall b b':bool, xorb b b' = xorb b' b.
Associativity
Lemma xorb_assoc_reverse :
forall b b' b'':bool, xorb (xorb b b') b'' = xorb b (xorb b' b'').
Notation xorb_assoc := xorb_assoc_reverse (only parsing).
Lemma xorb_eq : forall b b':bool, xorb b b' = false -> b = b'.
Lemma xorb_move_l_r_1 :
forall b b' b'':bool, xorb b b' = b'' -> b' = xorb b b''.
Lemma xorb_move_l_r_2 :
forall b b' b'':bool, xorb b b' = b'' -> b = xorb b'' b'.
Lemma xorb_move_r_l_1 :
forall b b' b'':bool, b = xorb b' b'' -> xorb b' b = b''.
Lemma xorb_move_r_l_2 :
forall b b' b'':bool, b = xorb b' b'' -> xorb b b'' = b'.
Lemma negb_xorb_l : forall b b', negb (xorb b b') = xorb (negb b) b'.
Lemma negb_xorb_r : forall b b', negb (xorb b b') = xorb b (negb b').
Lemma xorb_negb_negb : forall b b', xorb (negb b) (negb b') = xorb b b'.
Lemmas about the b = true embedding of bool to Prop
Lemma eq_iff_eq_true : forall b1 b2, b1 = b2 <-> (b1 = true <-> b2 = true).
Lemma eq_true_iff_eq : forall b1 b2, (b1 = true <-> b2 = true) -> b1 = b2.
Notation bool_1 := eq_true_iff_eq (only parsing).
Lemma eq_true_negb_classical : forall b:bool, negb b <> true -> b = true.
Notation bool_3 := eq_true_negb_classical (only parsing).
Lemma eq_true_not_negb : forall b:bool, b <> true -> negb b = true.
Notation bool_6 := eq_true_not_negb (only parsing).
#[global]
Hint Resolve eq_true_not_negb : bool.
Lemma absurd_eq_bool : forall b b':bool, False -> b = b'.
Lemma absurd_eq_true : forall b, False -> b = true.
#[global]
Hint Resolve absurd_eq_true : core.
Lemma trans_eq_bool : forall x y z:bool, x = y -> y = z -> x = z.
#[global]
Hint Resolve trans_eq_bool : core.

# Reflection of bool into Prop

Is_true and equality
#[global]
Hint Unfold Is_true: bool.
Lemma Is_true_eq_true : forall x:bool, Is_true x -> x = true.
Lemma Is_true_eq_left : forall x:bool, x = true -> Is_true x.
Lemma Is_true_eq_right : forall x:bool, true = x -> Is_true x.
Notation Is_true_eq_true2 := Is_true_eq_right (only parsing).
#[global]
Hint Immediate Is_true_eq_right Is_true_eq_left: bool.
Lemma eqb_refl : forall x:bool, Is_true (eqb x x).
Lemma eqb_eq : forall x y:bool, Is_true (eqb x y) -> x = y.
Is_true and connectives
Lemma orb_prop_elim :
forall a b:bool, Is_true (a || b) -> Is_true a \/ Is_true b.
Notation orb_prop2 := orb_prop_elim (only parsing).
Lemma orb_prop_intro :
forall a b:bool, Is_true a \/ Is_true b -> Is_true (a || b).
Lemma andb_prop_intro :
forall b1 b2:bool, Is_true b1 /\ Is_true b2 -> Is_true (b1 && b2).
#[global]
Hint Resolve andb_prop_intro: bool.
Notation andb_true_intro2 :=
(fun b1 b2 H1 H2 => andb_prop_intro b1 b2 (conj H1 H2))
(only parsing).
Lemma andb_prop_elim :
forall a b:bool, Is_true (a && b) -> Is_true a /\ Is_true b.
#[global]
Hint Resolve andb_prop_elim: bool.
Notation andb_prop2 := andb_prop_elim (only parsing).
Lemma eq_bool_prop_intro :
forall b1 b2, (Is_true b1 <-> Is_true b2) -> b1 = b2.
Lemma eq_bool_prop_elim : forall b1 b2, b1 = b2 -> (Is_true b1 <-> Is_true b2).
Lemma negb_prop_elim : forall b, Is_true (negb b) -> ~ Is_true b.
Lemma negb_prop_intro : forall b, ~ Is_true b -> Is_true (negb b).
Lemma negb_prop_classical : forall b, ~ Is_true (negb b) -> Is_true b.
Lemma negb_prop_involutive : forall b, Is_true b -> ~ Is_true (negb b).
Rewrite rules about andb, orb and if (used in romega)
Lemma andb_if : forall (A:Type)(a a':A)(b b' : bool),
(if b && b' then a else a') =
(if b then if b' then a else a' else a').
Lemma negb_if : forall (A:Type)(a a':A)(b:bool),
(if negb b then a else a') =
(if b then a' else a).

# Alternative versions of andb and orb

with lazy behavior (for vm_compute)
Declare Scope lazy_bool_scope.
Notation "a &&& b" := (if a then b else false)
(at level 40, left associativity) : lazy_bool_scope.
Notation "a ||| b" := (if a then true else b)
(at level 50, left associativity) : lazy_bool_scope.
Local Open Scope lazy_bool_scope.
Lemma andb_lazy_alt : forall a b : bool, a && b = a &&& b.
Lemma orb_lazy_alt : forall a b : bool, a || b = a ||| b.

# Reflect: a specialized inductive type for

relating propositions and booleans, as popularized by the Ssreflect library.
Inductive reflect (P : Prop) : bool -> Set :=
| ReflectT : P -> reflect P true
| ReflectF : ~ P -> reflect P false.
#[global]
Hint Constructors reflect : bool.
Interest: a case on a reflect lemma or hyp performs clever unification, and leave the goal in a convenient shape (a bit like case_eq).
Relation with iff :
Lemma reflect_iff : forall P b, reflect P b -> (P<->b=true).
Lemma iff_reflect : forall P b, (P<->b=true) -> reflect P b.
It would be nice to join reflect_iff and iff_reflect in a unique iff statement, but this isn't allowed since iff is in Prop.
Reflect implies decidability of the proposition
Lemma reflect_dec : forall P b, reflect P b -> {P}+{~P}.
Reciprocally, from a decidability, we could state a reflect as soon as we have a bool_of_sumbool.
For instance, we could state the correctness of Bool.eqb via reflect:
Lemma eqb_spec (b b' : bool) : reflect (b = b') (eqb b b').
Notations
Module BoolNotations.
Infix "<=" := le : bool_scope.
Infix "<" := lt : bool_scope.
Infix "?=" := compare (at level 70) : bool_scope.
Infix "=?" := eqb (at level 70) : bool_scope.
End BoolNotations.